Skype Error Troubleshooting Guide

How To Resolve Skype Issues

A most popular online communication webcam and audio software application, Skype, continues to have a few problems. However, the solutions to the problems, as well as questions, are easily resolved.

Skype is a wonderful avenue of communication that is used by individuals, corporations and even news networks for interviews. Overall, Skype is reliable unless there is an exceptional overload on the servers due to a holiday, emergency or natural disaster that generates the usage of Skype in a large manner.

Below you will find some of the common Skype problems you may encounter as well as the solution to the problems.

• Problem: You are not able to sort through the Contacts easily to find people that you want to communicate with.
• Solution: Using the option to sort your listing by the Country or Region should help you on this. Try entering a more precise and accurate search term. You will find that the more info you provide, the better the search results will be.
• Problem: No one can find your Skype name or you on Skype.
• Solution: Focus on adding more information to your Skype profile. Be sure to not overlook adding your country and language.
• Problem: Security! You want a secure password.
• Solution: The best form of a password is a combination of this example, 57aEd38-81. You will notice various attributes here. Pick your password then work with it to include some of what you see in this example. This is a very secure password.
• Problem: Not able to connect your audio to your Macintosh system.
• Solution: You will need to purchase a USB microphone or headset as this is what Macintosh accepts.
• Problem: You find that you have a bunch of contacts but only want to converse with a certain amount of them.
• Solution: Go to your contacts list and work on separating them into categories such as relations, friends, co-workers and such. Then you can click on your contact group and select the ones you wish to converse with.
• Problem: You would like to share a file with various contacts, simultaneously.
• Solution: Use your cursor and highlight the groups of contacts that you have previously created. Use the right-click on your mouse and select the group that you wish to transfer the file to and then select the option of "Send File". Of course you will need to locate the file you desire to send. The quickest way to transfer the file is to simply drag the file into the chat window of the group.
• Problem: Upon playing around with Skype you have changed the font style, size and such in the chat window, but now would like it to revert back to the default.
• Solution: The default setting that you can manually select is: Tahoma, 8 points, Western Script.
• Problem: You find that you have an overabundance of devices attached to your computer to use Skype.
• Solution: Go to Ebay or Amazon and buy a webcam that has a built in microphone that includes noise cancellation. You will find that this works wonders!
• Problem: In an attempt to use the video option on Skype, you encounter that the video is not working correctly after installing a video driver.
• Solution: Try installing the driver "after" turning off your anti-virus, anti-malware, and anti-adware that you may be running.
• Problem: Your new webcam is not operating properly with Skype.
• Solution: First of all, follow the webcam instructions. Plug this device in when prompted and not before. Most of the time such devices will then install the needed video drivers automatically, prior to plugging in your device.
• Problem: I have done the above, but the video device still is not working.
• Solution: Go online and look for the latest updates for your video device.
• Problem: You have chosen to use a Skype phone number for your business and you find that you are getting calls around the clock.
• Solution: Make sure you set your local time zone when giving out your Skype number in ads or your business card.
• Problem: My USB headset is not working. I can hear nothing!
• Solution: Make sure that prior to starting Skype that you have plugged in your headset. If you are already in Skype, simply quit Skype and restart Skype.

These are some problems and solutions that work with Skype. There are many more, and to find out the solutions, one should do a Google or Yahoo search for the very "specific" issue that they may be encountering.

Skype is a wonderful social networking tool that is sure to be around for a very long time. Getting familiar with Skype and learning how to use Skype will work to your advantage.

Many families use Skype simply for staying in touch with distant family members. Nothing like the old land line method of just hearing a voice. Now, using Skype, you can not only hear those family members, but also see them. The cost? Nothing...Free... It does not get any better than that!

You can learn more about Skype here including the option of a free download of Skype.

The Awesomeness That The Planet Earth Has To Offer - Earth Day Reflectionsm and Discussion

Earth Day History

Welcome to celebrate and honor the planet and home we call Earth. With that in mind let's turn to Earth Day that was first recognized on April 22,1970, founded by Gaylor Nelson. When is Earth Day now? It has remained on April 22, and every year, around the globe, Earth Day has been celebrated.

What is Earth Day?

Gaylor Nelson was inspired by the anti-war movement that was ongoing with the students of the time. Using the same type of energy, he was able to create focus by the masses on the environment. A staff was created and events were planned across the land.

With the organization of various events, about 20 million Americans were in the streets, auditoriums and parks to draw major attention to having a sustainable and healthy environment. With the current political stance in Washington, D.C., Earth Day would not have happened as it did. What took place in 1970 is that a very rare political alignment was made. The Earth Day movement had support from BOTH Democrats and Republicans.

Another very important fact about the Earth Day of 1970 is that it led to the creation of the EPA, the United States
Environmental Protection Agency. It also opened the doors for the passage of Clean Air, Clean Water, along with the Endangered Species Acts.

In 1990 Earth Day went global when Denis Hayes organized yet another big campaign. The result of this was that upwards of 200 million people from 141 various countries supported the message of Earth Day and brought it onto the world stage. With this big campaign, focus was additional brought to the worldwide recycling efforts that opened the doors for the Rio de Janeiro United Nations Earth Summit in 1992.

Through the years, there has been more and more organization and numerous events to bring continued awareness and a broader scope of issues under the umbrella of Earth Day. The main one that stands out is the message sent from around the globe in 2000 to world leaders that the people wanted steps taken quickly in reference to clean energy.

Through the history of Earth Day, the internet has become a major player in the organization of events around the world to continue the focus on our environment and all that can and needs to be done to improve it and save it for future generations.

Earth Day now encompasses the issue of climate change and awareness as it becomes more evident with each passing day.

The sending of positive energies channeled into a healthier, cleaner and diverse world will provide for those future generations. Participating in Earth Day events will also create the needed energies and messages to accomplish this.

You can go online to search for local events in your area that you can participate in and make a difference.

Heathen Identity: Asatru, Wicca, and The Germanic Gods/Goddesses

Identity seems to be a hot-button issue in the Asatru and heathen communities, in a way that, for someone on their way in from the outside, seems to beg the question of when one will be safely inside the fold...if ever. I've watched a lot of discussion, and a lot of not-part-of-discussion posturing, and I think that although some of the points that come up are interesting and important, an awful lot of them come down to non-Wiccan communities having a sort of allergic reaction to any possibility that they will be lumped in with Self-Ordained High Priestess Nummymuffin Coocoolbutter by an unnamed observer.

Orthoprazy vs Orthodoxy

So first of all, we have to look at orthopraxy vs. orthodoxy. These are the two ways religions tend to build cohesion. Orthopraxy is "right action," which means that to belong, one must live the right way, follow the right practices, show up for the right rituals, and so on. Orthodoxy means "right belief," and it means that one must adopt the right beliefs. Now, obviously, these occur on a spectrum, because to some extent you have to have both. There's not much point in calling yourself a heathen if you don't believe in any of the heathen gods; and no matter how much you love Jesus, if you're loving him from the middle of a sacrifice to Ba'al, you're not a particularly good Christian. But on the whole, Christianity has tended to be weighted toward orthodoxy more than most previous religions - Islam is up there as well - whereas most pagan or tribal religions have been weighted toward orthopraxy. This means that the important thing is how you behave.

Why do I bring this up? Because there are modern heathens who seem to want it both ways: they want there to be rather strict rules about both behavior and the beliefs prompting the behavior. One gentleman said that to his mind, someone with Wiccan beliefs could follow the heathen gods and perform blot and symbel perfectly, and still not be a heathen. Now, this can only be termed orthodoxy: he wants to dictate what the mythical Wiccan can believe about the gods before even the more general "heathen" label can attach. But this is an entirely modern idea. To the best of my knowledge, we have no evidence - none! - that any ancient Pagan religion was weighted toward orthodoxy. We have, to the contrary, lots of evidence that they were orthopraxies. Certainly there's a minimum standard - the Germanic gods must be present, and must probably dominate the field (a new can of worms for later) - but there's only so far you can carry it and still be in tune with the original mindset.

The Varying Beliefs

Another interesting aspect of this, by the way, is the limited definition of "belief." Almost invariably, when the issue of right beliefs comes up, the two banners waved are Germanic Gods Only and NNV (The Nine Noble Virtues of Asatru) not the Wiccan Rede. This is a very narrow and, to my mind, superficial way of looking at what the original mindset of our ancestors was. No mention is ever made of whether it's important to have Yggdrasil as one's cosmological map, for example; nor of the Germanic concepts of time and fate (except by the occasional Saxon tribalist or Irminist), what the rituals or holy days really mean and their context, and so on. Sure, these things get discussed with some interest in the better neighborhoods, but they are never anywhere to be found when the "right belief" spectre raises its head. Germanic Gods Only. NNV, not the Rede. That's it.

Firstly, NNV and the Rede are not incompatible. It would be theoretically possible to keep both, which means, by orthopraxic standards, that attempting to do so is nobody's business until the person screws it up. Second, heathens worrying about the presence or absence of the Rede at all is the allergic rash reaction. If it is not a heathen concept, then it should not be relevant to the discussion at all. Third, and this goes back to the allergic rash as well: the popular conception of the Rede is not the traditional conception of the Rede. Judging the Rede as an idea based on what untrained solitaries who read a Silver Ravenwolf book think it is makes about as much sense as trying to understand the nuances of Christian theology by watching the snake handlers. The Rede: either understand it or ignore it. If you're not any kind of Wiccan it doesn't matter to you anyway. If idiots don't get that then it's their problem, not yours.

So okay, on to Germanic Gods Only. Surely it will not come as a surprise to anyone to discover that "The Germanics" were not one unified civilization. Neither were "The Celts" or even, for that matter, "The Greeks" (although they were a little closer). These are blanket terms for what were in fact a variety of tribes that shared distant ancestry and certain cultural markers in common. But, as we still have abundant evidence of today, each tribe could and did have a different set of gods, and different names even for those that were essentially shared by several tribes. Each had different "favorites," and gods could be present in some tribes and absent from others. So when we present a list of "these are the Germanic gods to whom we must keep troth," unless we are really being anal about uncovering a particular tribe's list, we are already generalizing and borrowing to some extent.

Add to this the overall kinship of all the Indo-European groups, the degree of interaction through both war and trade that we know took place and that we know historically always leads to ideas being exchanged, and particularly the fact that there has been scholarly debate over whether the Celtic and Germanic tribes are actually different enough to constitute two different groups. We don't know that deities never crossed the picket line between one group and the other. In fact, in other polytheistic religions past and present, we have plenty of evidence that this happens on a regular basis: for crying out loud, the Irish Brigid managed to become not only a Christian saint but also a Vodoun loa. As long as the overall structure (the orthopraxy) was kept intact - as long as, for example, Maman Brigitte showed a side of herself that fit in with Vodoun and accepted Vodoun-flavored rituals in place of her old Celtic digs - nobody worried about it.

From this perspective, I fail to see how Morgan (a near neighbor), for example, could single-handedly destroy every vestige of heathenism by appearing at a faining. The only reason to think so is the allergic reaction - the assumption/fear that even the slightest capitulation will lead inevitably to people inviting Thor and Yemaya to a peace pipe ceremony.

The other thing that seems to bring on the rash is any similarity, or any comparison whatsoever, to Wiccan ritual of any sort. (Oh, and I forgot to mention the divine law that polytheists must be hard polytheists. But that's covered in orthodoxy vs. orthopraxy, I think, and by the whole rash thing. There are gradations that aren't noticed in this struggle. If you think that Oshun and Aphrodite ultimately spring from the same source, you're a mystic: if you think that you can call Oshun "Aphrodite" and give her Freya's favorite presents on Hathor's altar, you're an idiot.)

Comparing Mystery Based Ritual and Folk Ritual

So I'm going to go through basic Wiccan/witchy ritual structure and make comparisons. My basic theory is that many of the differences, while present, are exaggerated and actually stem from the difference between mystery-based ritual and folk ritual. We have evidence aplenty that these two forms, in a general sense, can exist side by side in the same religion. The Greeks, for instance, had several different mystery cults to which a person could belong simultaneously with following normal "city" religion without any conflict. In other tribal groups it is not uncommon for the shamanic class to participate in normal folk ritual but also to keep other rituals and practices that are unique to them. The needs of those who do magic and move between worlds are in general slightly different than the needs of other people, and likewise, the ritual needs when doing such work are slightly different than what is called for in normal religious celebrations.

1. Setting up the altar: Both Wiccans and heathens do this. What precisely goes there is a bit different, but then again, this also varies within each group between denominations, so there's not much of a set standard. Everyone, however, includes a drink, most traditionally but not invariably alcoholic. Most have a candle. Some Wiccans next have to say special woodgy over the altar to dedicate it.
2. Setting the ritual space: In old heathenry this didn't always have to be done, because there were permanent ritual spaces. However, in both new heathenry and Wicca this usually isn't the case, so - although this seems to be one of the most virulent topics for debate - both groups temporarily consecrate the space in some way. This almost always involves circumambulating the area ritually: a Wiccan while doing so creates an energetic vessel with strict barriers, while a heathen usually leaves it permeable. (Please note, however, that an Anglo-Saxon charm for casting a circle with a wand or staff does exist from olden times, and that Irminists do make use of this.) The heathen may walk the round carrying a flame and chanting, or carrying a hammer and chanting, or may instead use "The Hammer Rite," which I will hit next.
3. Acknowledging the directions: Heathens seem to be more open to this than neo-Celts, but not all of them do it. The Wiccan association of four directions to four elements is, I'll be the first to say it, entirely Greek in origin (as in fact, it was a Greek, Empedocles, who came up with the four elements in the first place, as well as the mystery of a cosmic balance between Goddess and God, Love and Strife). The Hammer Rite sometimes goes here, and it is very much influenced by ceremonial magic: it is basically a heathened-up equivalent of the Lesser Banishing Ritual of the Pentagram. The Hammer Rite also acknowledges eight directions instead of four...but then again, so do some Witches. One thing that Wiccans are doing along with this step is acknowledging the level of beings that a heathen would think of as the alfar, disir, and/or wights. The heathen will also tend to do this, but rather than doing it here will give those beings part of what is set aside for the gods.
4. Invitation of the deities: Both groups seem to put it here. Wiccans will tend to invite one or a pair, whereas heathens will tend to invite the whole pantheon, perhaps with an emphasis on the deity or deities particularly associated with the ritual at hand. Wiccans of adequate training/talent "draw down," or "horse." There isn't really evidence that this happened in old heathenry, but some heathens do it anyway because it works and is a powerful way of experiencing the deities.
5. The sprinkling: By this point, the Wiccan will already have blessed a bowl of water, usually by putting salt in it and performing a simple charm, and sprinkled the area and the attendants. In old heathenry, what happened instead was that after the gods were invoked, a blood sacrifice took place, the blood was caught in a bowl, and this was used to sprinkle and bless the area and attendants. Nowadays this seldom happens, and a share of the ritual drink is usually used instead. Still, the overall idea of the thing seems to be the same. Irminists, according to James Coulter, save this step until the very end for some reason - they are probably seeing it as a final sharing of all the good energy of the ritual. That's my guess.
6. The celebrations and ritual dramas: To be honest, I'm still not solid on where this step goes for heathens. I know they have it: several books attest to it and suggest very amusing ideas on how it can be done for various holidays. The Troth seems to put it here in the middle, like Wiccans do, but for all I know, everyone else waits until after formal ritual is over. Wiccans and Irminists, not uncommonly, seem to like to sing here (Wiccans may also dance). This is also where the "what are we all doing here in the first place" speech tends to go, if present, for both groups.
7. Ritualized food and/or drink: In both groups: A ritual drink is shared around, out of a single cup (or horn, but even in heathenry cup happens) if possible. Wiccans tend to bless the drink in a particular way, referring back again to that Empedoclean borrowing that emphasizes sexual polarity. This is, again, a mystery-based addition. Heathens don't seem to need a special drink blessing, but will sometimes preserve the sanctity of the vessel by only allowing a woman of particular ritual standing to carry it from person to person. They also take this opportunity to specifically toast the gods, goddesses and/or wights relevant to the ritual and to themselves, which Wiccans usually do not. Ritual cakes do not have to be present for heathens, although in the case of the Troth, the ritually sacrificed animal cookies are "killed" and shared around at this point.
8. Bringing it home: At this point, everyone says thank you and goodbye to whatever nonphysical beings were invited. Wiccans, having put up a formal enclosure, have to take it down: heathens, who merely blessed the space, don't. Fires are put out, and everything is generally put back the way it was when the ritual started.
9. Post-ritual feasting: This is again common to both groups, and is in fact an Indo-European standard. Originally, the meat from the sacrifice would be cooked up and shared around at this point. The gods' and goddesses' share must, of course, be consigned to the fire or to its special leaving-place, and this happens at various points depending on the culture. Heathens and (trained) Wiccans both likewise dispose properly of the gods' share of the ritual food and drink, plus a portion of any other feast items, usually before going to the feast themselves (but not always).

You can see how those two structures are totally different. Many of us are "eclectic" in how we practice and live our spirituality. Overall, if it works for you, then by all means you are encouraged to pick and choose. It certainly works well for this author.

Handfasting: The Pagan Marriage

What is Handfasting?

This is the first article in a series of Pagan Words and Phrases. Handfasting was at the top of the list in a poll I ran about which pagan words people would like to see defined.

A traditional European ceremony, hundreds of years old, handfasting can be permanent or temporary as betrothal or wedding. Normally the ceremony will involve the lightly tying of the right hands of the man and woman, or mate and mate using a ribbon or cord. Hence the name, handfasting. "Tying the knot" in the modern times comes from the word handfasting.

Handfasting is a traditional way of marriage among Pagans of various paths. It signifies the bond equal to marriage usually, between a bride and groom.

There are many variations of handfasting that are used today. The marriage vows may be for "a year and a day", for "a lifetime", as well as "for all eternity". Sometimes it will be "for as long as love shall last."

The ceremony can be legal or a private spiritual commitment depending on the choice of the couple. As for the legality, it would depend on the country or location where the handfasting takes place, and to the officiant being a legally recognized minister. Some couples will use the civil ceremony to make it legal as well.

Today, the handfastings are performed for both opposite-gender couples and same-gender couples. Sometimes multiple partners that are involved in polyamorous relationships will have a handfasting for all in the relationship.

Some rituals are performed along very strict Traditional guidelines and other very loosely using the overall basic idea of handfasting and altering it to suit their own personal and spiritual needs, creating a new ceremony.

Some couples choose to conduct the ceremony privately between themselves and others will include a member of the clergy to do the actual ceremony for them.

Depending on the tradition or method, the ceremony may have the couple jumping over a broom at the end of the ceremony or jumping over a fire.

Like traditional marriages, many couples will exchange rings as well.

Dress is up to the couple. Many like the idea of dressing in Medieval costumes and others like to wear modern formal wear. Again, this all varies depending on the couple's choices.

The handfasting techniques that I am familiar with are combined from various spiritual paths including Wiccan, Native American, Unitarian, Druidic, Celtic and Christian traditions.

Most of the handfasting for Wiccans and Pagans takes place in May at Beltane. Those from the Gothic communities choose the Pagan New Year, which is Samhain (Halloween).

Most couples will write their own handfasting vows that they will voice in the ceremony.